Frederic Chopin's Contribution to Music Research Paper

Frederic Chopin's Contribution to Music - Research Paper Example Although he got tuition from numerous famous teachers, Chopin was fundamentally a self-taught pianist whose heretical and highly individual technique contributed to the manner in which he composed. Because of his unique talent, Frederic Chopin is recognized as a great improviser and one of the main figures in nineteenth-century classical music and the Romantic period even if he transcribed his extempore inventions-often with some difficulty (Chen 2). In addition to a pianist, his talents were beyond emulation and had an effect on other musicians exclusively as compared to the number of his performance, for instance, he performed only 30 public performances in his 30 years as a performing artist. As a result, no artist has come before, and after him has had several important works of the piano’s repertoire, or captured its soul. Therefore, in order to understand the logic behind his life, one should learn Frederic Chopin's contribution to music as compared to other artists of h is time. Chopin's musical production was entirely dedicated to his preferred instrument, the piano; therefore, at his dearth at the age of 39, Chopin’s influence on music and his effect on later authors were massive. For example, pianists currently play their music under the influence of Chopin as a great pianist, hence, a pianist without Chopin’s music is not nor recognized as a pianist, and is absurd. This is compared to English literature without Shakespeare or the Italian renaissance without Michelangelo. Thus, if Chopin had not live, there would be no Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, or even Debussy; moreover, Brahms' piano music would not be what it is currently (GagneÃŒ  76). ? 76). There are several motives that make pianists love Chopin's music, which include Chopin’s music satisfies and rewards, also the payoffs are big; in addition to that, studying it as well as breaking it down has its own recompenses as well. Moreover, Chopin’s music pleases a wide range of listeners because it is easily available and beautiful at all levels. Several pianists like Liszt’s works though advanced cannot compare their work with that of Chopin because he was the poet of piano and no artist has ever existed like him because their work lack the beauty of Chopin. Another benefit definite to Chopin’s own music is that Eigeldinger has been capable of using Chopin’s handwritten notations to verify that the tempo signs on the engraver’s manuscripts of his two books of Etudes were undeniably in his own hand. This matter of massive significance to pianists, and one had been under some discussions (Bellman 622). Generally, Chopin produced various diverse types of piano pieces, which were often used by other composers despite the fact that he created his own form of music that were original and of high standard. some artist have tried to copy Chopin’s work, for example, Beethoven’s greatest work lies on the manner in which rewrote the piano sonata in which he did only the sonata for solo piano. On the other hand, Schubert wrote something close to Chopin because he typically stuck to sonatas but also had impromptus and moments musicals, shorter and freer works whereby he at times took a musical form that already existed and reworked

Different control sensors Essay Example for Free

Different control sensors Essay The idea of a pressure sensor is to ultimately measure and monitor the pressure of either gasses or liquids. But, what is pressure? Well, pressure ultimately is an expression used to describe the process of the force that is used when restraining a gas or a liquid from expanding. It has a certain measurement normally in the force per unit area. When the pressure is measured it can be monitored in a number of ways, but, most typically it is done with an electrical signal. We can see many examples of pressure monitors/switches in appliances all over the world today. Pressure sensors are found in items such as cars and lifts. For example, a person walks up to a door and they wish for it to be opened on arrival, with a pressure switch located in the floor as soon as the pressure switch is activated the door will open, this form of switch will tend to require a form of displacement. Another example if where a pressure switch/monitor may be found is within a car. When the tyres reach a certain pressure the control system kicks in and then they are warned to pump them up. If we consider large industries such as factories with combustion engines then we need to bear in mind that there needs to be some form of indication when present conditions change within the mechanism, this is also where a pressure sensor will come in handy. The picture on the top left of this paragraph is similar to what may be found in an industrial placement. A Rotary Switch A rotary switch is used when we have a devise that needs to operate or change to two or more different states, for example, a rotary switch may be used for; A fan that regulates heat at different speeds A radio that needs to operate on different frequencies The most common type of rotary switch is the rotary light switch, and the way in which this works is pretty straight forward. A rotary switch is a device that has a rotating shaft connected to one terminal capable of making or breaking a connection to one or more other terminals (the rotating shaft can be seen in the picture on the left) to many other types of electrical switching mechanisms, the electromechanical rotary switch provides a desirable means to control large numbers of circuits over a wide range of currents, voltages and power requirements. Rotary switches provide electrical control for the following types of equipment; Medical equipment, Aircraft, computers, Â  Industrial controls, Â  Communication, Â  Ordnance, Â  Ground support equipment Different types of rotary switches are used in a variety of electric devices. They are in the form of at least two parts and have a rotatable switching means arranged in a grouping and a rotary knob having a coupling element which can be pushed into or onto the switching means. The rotary switches are provided with a contact/sensor system and with a detent mechanism. The detent mechanism determines the number of possible switch positions. Rotary switches may feature different switch positions that can be set by rotating the switch spindle in one or another direction. Rotary switches may convert positions into binary numbers; such switches are known as coded switches. A rotary electromechanical encoder includes the overall characteristics of a rotary switch, but has additional mechanical movements. Pyrometers A pyrometer comes in very useful in industrial places where measuring and controlling inputs and outputs of a computer system become far too dangerous for a human to undertake the responsibility. It is often used to determine and control the temperature; however, it can also be used for radiation purposes. The word pyrometer is derives from the Greek word for fire, and the Greek word for measure, which is meter. As previously said, pyrometers are optical aids and although now days there are many forms of pyrometer as the need for more specific, demanding control systems are required the most basic still works on the principle below; On the previous page we can see how a basic optical pyrometer works, the only problem being that it can display temperatures that are high (up to around 700oC, but is inefficient for very low temperatures. As temperature inside the work place/furnace increases, so does the filament inside the pyrometer giving off a red colour, indicating the heat capacity. Using digital readouts the user can use the pyrometer to calculate the temperature of the material and also use the pyrometer to heat the material or furnace, or wherever the control system is placed to whatever they require. Thermocouples A thermocouple is a very simple heat/temperature sensor and comprises of two components. One end is joined tightly and the other end is separated. It is the end that is separated that is considered to be the output of the control system, and this is the end that actually generates the voltage. This voltage is then proportional to the heat or temperature to which it is measuring. This then means that the hotter the temperature the more voltage is output. Below can be seen the two most commonly found applications of thermocouples; Measuring room temperature Monitoring the presence of a pilot light It is the actual materials used within the control system that determines the application. There are then thermocouple types derived which can be used for differing purposes. Thermocouples are easy to use and require no batteries or fancy electronics. However, the voltage signals generated are very small so an amplifier may be required if you wish to read the temperatures into a computer Control System Thermometers Control system thermometers consist of a normal day to day thermometer thats connected to an electric circuit. Then, when the heat/temperature reaches a certain level it can be indicated or displayed in a number of ways, for example if connected correctly we could have it so that the temperature, when it hits 20, displays a red light located somewhere else, and, then when it falls below the light goes off. Inductosyn The idea of an inductosyn is to read the measurements of current within a system and then make extremely accurate measurements or movements based upon these readings. The principal in which it works is as follows. Incremental Absolute An inductosyn has a metal block in which grooves are cut out. Along these grooves are continuous strips of magnetic metal, then, a current is passed from one end to the other. The sliding block has an identical strip set in to it completes the circuit when connected with the other strip. Now we have the possibility of resistance change, by sliding the sliding block from one end to the other we have a system that changes the resistance of the circuit. This then increases and decreases the current accordingly. This is then output to a display which the user can see. This relationship between current and movement can then be used to move objects very small distances with a tremendously high degree of accuracy. This is all based on the current. Thermistor A thermistor is a type of resistor that varies resistance in a computer control system according to the temperature readings. Thermistors are thermally sensitive resistors whose prime function is to exhibit a large, predictable and precise change in electrical resistance when subjected to a corresponding change in temperature. A temperature sensor application would be compared to that off the one found in a central heating system. A sensor would detect the temperature in the air, by using a thermometer and then change as desired using something like a thermistor. The thermistor would act as the thermostat. Therefore, when the thermostat is changed, we can change the output of the heating system accordingly. The thermistor is widely used and often unknown to the untrained eye. Linear Limit Switches The theory behind the linear limit switch is very straight forward. Basically the linear limit switch is a button, that when activated starts a process. In relation to computing its like an event drive operation. For the linear limit switch to be activated it must be pressed. For example, in a lift, how do we get the lift to stop going up, or, stop going down, or stop on the right floor. It would be of my opinion that a linear limit switch is implemented, so that when the lift reaches the required floor, a switch is activated and the lift stops and the doors open. However, its not limited to lifts, the linear switch is a very common device. In the picture on the left we can see a clear example of a linear limit switch. The operation needed to be performed is for that of the swimming pool cover, when the cover reaches the end of the pool the switch is pressed and the motor stops working, this then stops the problem of the cover falling off of the reel.

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity :: Children Papers

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity The Western onto-theological tradition has long been preoccupied with two symbolizations of childhood. One conceives of it as an original unity of being and knowing, an exemplar of completed identity. The other conceives of childhood as deficit and danger, an exemplar of the untamed appetite and the uncontrolled will. In the economy of Plato and Aristotle’s tripartite self, the child is ontogenetically out of balance. She is incapable of bringing the three parts of the self into a right hierarchal relation based on the domination of reason. In other words, attaining adulthood means eradicating the child. Freud’s reformulation of the Platonic community of self combines the two symbolizations. His model creates an opening for shifting power relations between the elements of the self. He opens the way toward what Kristeva calls the "subject-in-process," a pluralism of relationships rather than an organization constituted by exclusions and hierarchies. After Freud, the chil d comes to stand for the inexpugnable demands of desire. Through dialogue with this child, the postmodern adult undergoes the dismantling of the notion of subjectivity based on domination, and moves toward the continuous reconstruction of the subject-in-process. The Child and the Second Harmony The child first appears in the known ancient texts, not as a beginning, but as an end. She represents the idea of the fulfillment of spiritual growth as a reversal of the life cycle. In the 6th century B.C. Lao Tzu says, "He who is in harmony with the Tao is likea newborn child. It's bones are soft, its muscles are weak, but its grip is powerful. . . The Master's power is like this. He lets all things come and go effortlessly, without desire." (1) Jesus speaks of the attainment of spiritual maturity as "becoming like little children." (2) Plotinus contrasts children with adults, "whose faculty and mental activity are busied upon a multitude of subjects passed quickly over all, lingering on none." Among children, on the other hand, objects "achieve presence," because the child's attention is not "scattered," dispersed in the world of multiplicity. (3) In this grand perennial Western mythos, the child represents an original ontological unity of being and knowing, thought and experience — identity realized. The child is premoral, the realized adult postmoral. The story of the journey from one to the other begins with a Fall into division. It is, as the story goes, a necessary fall, for it inaugurates a psychological and spiritual journey which — if you don't die in the desert of adulthood — promises self-reintegration on a higher level.

Family Memoir: A Jobless Caregiver Essay

The sober statement that â€Å"we need to have a family meeting† foreshadowed bad news for several reasons.   First, we were not the type of family that had formal sit-down meetings.   We were casual, informal, and the very thought that news needed to be communicated around a table suggested that something bad or terrible had occurred.   Second, the tone with which the news was delivered was unusually stern and unsettling. Smiles were the rule in our house, laughter was contagious, and the look on my father’s face as he demanded the meeting was altogether foreign and fraught with trepidation.   If my father was worried then there was cause for worry among all of our family members.   Finally, as we sat down to the meeting, my father carried with him a pen and a small notebook. He opened the notebook as we took our places at the table and he clicked the pen to begin writing.   I glanced at the notebook and saw that he had written the words â€Å"monthly budget.†Ã‚   He set down the pen and said to open the family meeting that à  have lost my job and until I can find a new job we have to make some changes around here.† I was absolutely shocked.   We had never imagined my father without a job, we had always taken our comfortable standard of living for granted and then we were suddenly faced with the prospect of not having our basic needs met.   My mother cried and I waited to find out what would happen. In retrospect, this was probably the defining moment in my family’s existence.   It was a test for all of us, not simply for my father, and we all contributed to preserving the family despite the obstacles caused by an unexpectedly jobless caregiver.   At that meeting, for example, we set out a monthly budget for the family and then monthly budgets for the family members. All of us promised to make sacrifices until my father found a new job and it soon became apparent as we brainstormed how much money we wasted on a monthly basis.   We ate things that contributed little to our sustenance.   We rented excessive numbers of movies when other means for entertainment were readily available. What I learned from this intimate family tragedy, and the thesis of this family memoir, is that modern families spend far too much money and fail to properly plan for emergencies.   Providing for basic necessities, in short, is a far nobler goal than spending money for the sake of spending when little or no value is secured in return for this type of indiscriminate spending. The first thing that my father did, after assuring us that he would immediately begin looking for a new job, was to outline in his notebook the purchases that we could not do without.   He wrote down such things as rent, food, and electricity.   Rather than assuming these as fixed necessities, however, he instead asked how we might cut our expenses with respect to these expense categories. I admired my father for the way that he solicited or opinions as important members of the family unit, rather than dictating new rules and practices, and gradually we all began to come up with new ideas.   Food was an area where out family had effectively overspent for years.   In reality, human beings need nothing more than nutritional meals.   We promised to eliminate junk food from our   diet and to eliminate unnecessary trips to the local fast food restaurants and ice cream parlors. We needed, to be sure, nothing more than the grains, fruits, and vegetables that we all learned about in the elementary school’s food pyramid lesson.   My father calculated some eating practices on the notepad and it soon became apparent that we had been spending more on unnecessary dietary purchases than on necessary purchases.   Together, we calculated that we could save a significant amount of money by eating healthier and more simply.   The same conclusion could be drawn after examining our monthly electricity and leisure expenses. We all promised not to use the electricity for unnecessarily long periods of time and to reduce the purchases of movies and magazines when we could secure the same entertainment functions by playing existing board games or playing basketball outside.   It was a startling realization to discover that we spent a significant amount of money to entertain ourselves when we could have entertained ourselves without having spent a single penny.   It costs nothing, to be sure, to walk to the neighborhood park and shoot a couple of baskets.   It costs nothing to walk to the library and read more books than one might ever find in a commercial bookstore. This new set of experiences and the attendant realizations reminded me of something read as part of a school assignment in which a writer named Henry David Thoreau observed that â€Å"I see young men, my townsmen, whose misfortune it is to have inherited farms, houses, barns, cattle, and farming tools; for these are more easily acquired than got rid of. Better if they had been born in the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have seen with clearer eyes what field they were called to labor in. Who made them serfs of the soil?†Ã‚   (Thoreau 5). My family learned through deprivation what Thoreau learned more than a hundred years ago about life in a competitive world.   What we learned was that human beings create to a large extant their own financial dependence and that this painful cycle can be broken or tempered by living more basically.   That my father would find a new job within the next two months did not cause my family to forget the lessons learned; quite the contrary, these are lessons that are deeply etched   in my family’s collective memory and which are applied in our daily lives.   Life, in sum, is complicated by false needs and the failure to live simply and modestly. Works Cited Thoreau, Henry D. Walden. Ed. J. Lyndon Shanley. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. Questia. Web. 7 June 2010.

Corrections Essay

What works for one individual may not work for another. If the offender is serving time for pedophilia, rape, murder, or drugs it could be that it Is who they view themselves as and will not change for the better. The recidivism rate for all prisoners, no matter what their crime may be, is high in prisons all around the world. The more time that a prisoner spends time in prison, the more likely they are to either return to prison or to violate their parole. The fact of the matter Is one has to see the change they want in themselves before omen can force them to change.Prisoners who are enrolled in prison rehabilitation programs are still as likely, If not more, to return to prison. It Is only those who successfully complete the education programs provided for them who have lower recidivism rates. This is because they have sought to change for the better, and were not forced to change. However, most prisoners who attend these programs are usually the ones who have been in prison the l ongest. Those prisoners who successfully completed the programs where more often then not, the ones who had better chances at becoming successful parolees.The criminal Justice system should focus more on punishment-oriented programs to discourage prisoners from returning. If prisons began enforcing very strict and difficult prison policies, it can make a prisoner see the change that society wants to see for themselves. Most repeat offenders feel more comfortable on the inside then they do on the outside. This Is a very sad and true fact. They become so adapt to living In prisons that they almost consider It a home. When they are subsequently released, they feel Like they do not belong In normal society, thus returning to crime.Another sad reality Is that many businesses and corporations will not higher these inmates due to their records. If the united States penal system enforced strict and almost hellish conditions in these prisons, such as solitary confinement for the majority of their sentence this may change. The prison systems could focus on such harsh punishments, such as no contact with others. The only time contact with others should be allowed is when they choose to attend rehabilitation programs. As time goes on, and the more successful the inmate becomes in the program, prison officials can lessen the rashness of their punishments.This, in the beginning, forces the prisoners to attend the program. However, the prisoner must find It within themselves to successfully complete their education. This makes the prisoners work for their freedom and the change that they want to see. If a prisoner does not complete the requirements of the rehabilitation then can go back to the strict punishments. It Is their choice, and they cannot be forced change. They have to want it. On the outside innocent. They should do this by upholding the law to such a standard that encourages individuals that they do not want to commit a crime.Law enforcement agents should have th e power to do whatever is necessary to take down those who break the law. Currently law enforcement officials have more restrictions placed on themselves by the law, then the criminals breaking it, which makes it that much more difficult to enforce the law. There seem to be far to many loopholes in the Justice system that protects the offenders. It is my personal belief that once you break the law, you have limited rights. We should not be sending our own people who protect there to Jail for police brutality and so on.If someone rapes a woman and then tries to attack the arresting officer, the police are well within their respective rights to do whatever it is necessary to bring said individual to Justice. Such acts will discourage many from committing crimes. If you decided to break the law, well then that is a conscious decision that you made. It is you who should pay for the crimes, not the police. People should feel safe around the police if one has not committed a crime, but if you do break the law one should be terrified. The fear should come from what he police are capable of doing to you to enforce the law.However, law enforcement officials should be trained to asses the amount of force needed to instill enough fear within the individual by a case by case basis. If you get pulled over for running a red light, a cop cannot pull you out of the car and start beating you. Although, if you murder or rape someone, cops should be allowed to punish you. This will in turn instill fear within the offender not to commit the crime again, due to the treatment you receive from the police, and then the harsh prison system mentioned previously.

Buddism essays

Buddism essays Buddhists believe that we have a specific problem as human beings. How ever they also offer a very specific answer to what this problem is and what we can do to fix the problem. Buddhism is expressed in the four noble truths, which offer us a clear route to salvation and nirvana. Nirvana is believed to be salvation a release from suffering as human beings, which can be reached by following the 8-fold path. This is the fundamental idea of Buddhism, a path that can lead humans to there nirvana and not to suffering. Our fundamental problem as human beings is that we suffer. We are constantly suffering, this continues from one life to the next through reincarnation. Realization that we have a problem is the first of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. In Theravada Buddhism we dont simply suffer in superficial ways, instead we suffer in permeates in every aspect of our lives. We suffer in when we are ill as well and when we see our loved ones ill. We suffer from the first moment of life birth, all the way through our very last moment of life, death. While we do experience brief periods of happiness and satisfaction in life, the suffering that we experience heavily outweighs any brief period of happiness or satisfaction. The second of the Four Noble Truths explains the causes of suffering. There are many causes to suffering, the most fundamental being our desires and cravings. Buddhists believe that any form of craving or desire, such as a desire for sex, money or love will lead to suffering. However the problem doesnt lie in what we desire and crave, it is simply the act of desire that causes suffering. Even the most selfless desires or love of our families is a form of craving; therefore leading to suffering. Another cause of suffering is the misconception that there is a true self, which Buddhism believes to be untrue. The doctrine of Impermanence states that not only are our lives impermanent, but also the sel...

art of inclusion essays

art of inclusion essays Full Inclusion has become a nation wide movement to include more disabled students in regular classrooms. Full Inclusion ignores the issues of the individual child and focuses more on the social issues and aspects of things. While this program has been proven to be successful in some schools, full inclusion has only created problems in others and a change from status quo must occur. Costs, distracted students, and untrained teachers are just a few of the many problems involved. Full Inclusion is an extremely controversial idea involved in the education system today. The opinions concerning this topic widely differ yet not all of these concerns are taken into account. The status quo of full inclusion is a one size fits all philosophy which is greatly opposed for many different reasons. Inclusion is a term which explains the commitment to educate each child to the maximum extent appropriate, in the school and classroom he or she would otherwise attend. It involves bringing the support services to the child (instead of moving the child to the service) and requires only that the child will benefit from being in the class (instead of having to keep up with the other students). Full Inclusion opposed to inclusion means that all students, regardless of handicapping condition or severity, will be in a regular classroom or program full time. All services must be taken to the child in that setting (Special Education Inclusion). Those who support the idea of inclusion believe that the child always should begin in the regular environment and be removed only when the appropriate services can not be given in the regular classroom. The Status quo of full inclusion is stated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The Act states that all students to the maximum extent appropriate, handicapped children, including those children in public and private institutions or other care facilities, are educated with childr...

Christmas Weather Lore

Christmas Weather Lore Weather lore exists for nearly every season and every type of weather, but many of the most well-known sayings have to do with winter weather.    Besides hoping for a White Christmas, theres another reason youll want to keep a watchful eye on your Christmas Day forecast. According to weather folklore, the weather on Christmas foretells the weather for the remaining winter and upcoming year.   Based on the below sayings, what does your Christmas Day weather suggest? Stormy Christmas Weather   - If theres thunder during Christmas week,The Winter will be anything but meek. - If windy on Christmas, trees will bring much fruit. - If it rain much during the twelve days after Christmas Day it will be a wet year. A Mild Christmas Means Cold Will Come    - A green (warm) Christmas, a white (cold) Easter. - So far as the sun shines on Christmas Day,So far will the snow blow in May. - If the ice will bear a goose before Christmas, it will not bear a duck after. - If Christmas day be bright and clear, therell be two winters in the year.. The below proverbs could be used to forecast whether or not youll see a White Christmas based on the weather at Hollantide a Cornish feast traditionally celebrated at the end of October/first of November  which marked the eve of winter. - If ducks do slide at Hollantide,At Christmas they will swim.If ducks do swim at Hollantide,  At Christmas they will slide. - If Candlemas day be dry and fair,  The half of the winter is gone and mair.If Candlemas day be wet and foul,  The half of the winter is gone at Yule (Christmas). The following sayings have less to do with the weather on Christmas and more to do with what calendar day Christmas falls on:   - If Christmas Day on Thursday be,  A windy winter ye shall see. - It will be the same weather for nine weeks as it is on the ninth day after Christmas. - The nearer the New Moon to Christmas Day, the harder the Winter. Christmas Lore: Where Does It Come From?   Why are these particular Christmas weather scenarios linked to these weather occurrences? Long before there was such a thing as  meteorologists  or tools like barometers or thermometers, farmers, seafarers, and others whose daily work was tied to the weather had nothing to clue them in on what the days weather would bring. To remedy this, people began observing how animals, plants, insects, and even they themselves behaved just before certain weather events. After years and years of noticing these patterns, folks began expecting certain weather based on whether or not they observed these certain events in nature.  They then created rhymes (like those above) to make the connections easily remembered and shared. How many of the above pieces of lore have you heard before? Have you known any of them to ring true where you live?

Significance Of Animals Protection In Modern World Essay - 15

Significance Of Animals Protection In Modern World - Essay Example Every day in a great number of countries in the world, animals are exposed to experiments in various researches and testing of different kinds of products, which range from medicine and cosmetics to children toys and cleaning products. During such researches and tests, animals are poisoned by toxic substances, burned, implanted electrodes, blinded etc. In fact, the list of invasive and painful procedures goes on. As a result, animals experience severe suffering, for example, electric shock, isolation from other animals, separation of infants from adult animals, withholding of water and food and so on, which usually ends with death. Animals do not deserve such an inhuman attitude, which is often based on the idea that human beings are more intelligent than animals are. However, this argument is not relevant to the issue at all: smart people suffer from pain the same way people with lower IQ do. It is a well-known fact that animals experience pain as well, and the fact that a mouse doe s not understand physical laws or does not read poetry cannot be perceived as a basis for making it suffer. What is more, a wide range of animals with advanced nervous systems demonstrate abilities characteristic of human beings, for example, experiencing emotions (Panksepp 14). Therefore, the argument against animal rights based on the difference between human beings and animals may be regarded as inconsistent. In addition to this, animal testing, which leads to animal suffering, is avoidable today. The matter is that the evolutionary developments in the scientific sphere give an opportunity to avoid using animals for testing and experiments. In particular, in accordance with Ganganatha and Kuppast, who published their work in International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, today there are alternatives to animal testing methods, which are based on three R’s that is Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement.

Frock Coats of Victoria And Albert Museum Essay

Frock Coats of Victoria And Albert Museum - Essay Example Amongst the dresses we will focus on not only the dresses of ladies but also on the dresses of men and children. Other then the dresses, what other accessories were required to be considered as a stylish person at that time, would also be discuussed. Different colours that were considered suitable for men and women of the Edwardarian era would also be discussed. How different fashions evolved over time would also be the focus of the topic. We will discuss about the dresses for different times of the day e.g dresses for morning, night dresses. Amongst the costumes collectd in the Victoria and Albert museum, frock coats will be considered for discussion. All other collectins will not be explained in detail. There is a large amount of history associated with arts and cultures of the A&V museum however only the historical background of frock coats will be given. The fashion of frock coats was firstly used in the 1901. what fashions and styles were acceptable in 1900's and before 1900's w ill also be discussed. Frock coats emerged in 1816. It is said that they originated from a garment called the "frock" which was the usual clothing in the eighteenth century. The colour of a frock coat was originally solid black. Nevertheless it was not a standard therefore in the Victorian era, charcoal grey also became a popular colour for frock coats. The length of the skirt of the frock coat also changed for different era's e.g during the Victorian era and Edwardian era1. This change was in accordance with the fashion. The conventional length of the frock coats became the length up to the knees but as the fashion trends changed, different people followed the latest trends of longer or shorter frock coats to wear. The cut of a frock coat with a waist seam flatters a man's figure, as opposed to a sack coats, and such frock coats remain part of some uniforms of military. They can either be single-breasted as in army uniforms, or double-breasted as in navy uniforms. In the Lithuanianyeshiva world, many pro minent figures wear a black frock coat also known as a kapotteh (accompanied by either a Homburg or Fedora hat) as formal wear.Before the Edwardian era, the fabric for Empire dresses was usually fine white lawn, muslin or batiste. Although muslins were less costly than silks, good white work embroidered lawn fabrics still cost money. Muslin also laundered better than silks, but the white muslins still needed a great deal of attention to keep them looking pristine clean. Regular wearing of white gowns was a sign of social status as white soiled so easily1. White gowns generally were kept for evening and in the day pastel or colored robes were thought more suitable. 1 Victorian Trading Co. Fashion. 2007. Net2 Business. May 2, 2008 The Spencer was a short top coat without tails worn by men during the 1790s as an extra covering over the tailed coat. It had long sleeves and was frequently decorated with military frogging.Its originator is thought to be Earl Spencer who singed the tails of his coat when standing beside a fire. He then had the tails trimmed off and started a fashion.A female version was soon adopted by gentlewomen who at the time were wearing the thin light muslin dresses of the 1790s2. The Spencer was worn as a cardigan is worn today. It was a short form of jacket to just above waist level cut on identical lines to the dress.

Ecology in the news tasksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecology in the news tasksheet - Essay Example The underlying assumption is that warming makes thunderstorms more explosive. The increased water vapour as one of the greenhouse gases fuels the explosion that causes lightning (Romps et al., 2014).. Anthropogenic activities on the environment are the main reason as to why the world is recording increased atmospheric temperatures. On the other hand, the issue qualifies to be of great importance since lightning is one of the environmental problems. Though lightning injuries and accidents are natural calamities, destructive human activities on the environment are increasing the intensity of thunderstorms and lightning the (University of California, 2014). Therefore, an increase in lightning intensity and frequency mean more harm in the form of human injuries. Annually, thousands of people succumb to lightning injuries. The implication is that many will lose their lives if the trend continues in the future. A significant environmental impact of lightning is the increase in wildfires (Romps et al., 2014).. Lighting ignited forest fires are always hard to fight, and they are more destructive to the natural vegetation. However, one advantage of lightning strikes is the additional nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere thus controlling the chemistry of the atmosphere. Alternatively, it is possible to argue that seasonal temperature variations are the reason behind increased lightning. Though this journal ascertains that the projected increase in lightning strikes is due to precipitation and cloud buoyancy, scientists, and meteorologists have not done reliable analyses to predict what the future holds for humanity. However, studying atmospheric properties like the cloud buoyancy and precipitation may give a clue on what thunderstorm and lightning intensities may look like in future (Romps et al., 2014). Nonetheless, it necessary to understand that charge separation that occurs within the clouds causes lightning. Therefore, it takes a good amount of water vapour as

How I Came to be an Engligh Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How I Came to be an Engligh Major - Essay Example But some things never change, like the timeless principles of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Benjamin Franklin, who stress the importance of adhering to biblical precepts when communicating one’s message – an ideal that I especially appreciate as an ordained minister. I chose my major in order to truly make a difference in the way information is relayed to society, and a student who aspires to a career in public relations or broadcasting, I believe that I have taken the first step toward improving the communications field so that will work to edify society – not tear it down. As an ordained minister, I have an acute awareness of how crucial it is to accurately communicate the truth in order to have an effective ministry, and this extends into my career ambitions to excel in public relations or broadcasting. It is readily seen throughout the media that audiences desperately desire honest and objective reporting grounded in the truth. If people wanted a fictional spin, they would resort to fiction literature or other forms of entertainment such as the box office or prime time television. But in today’s information craze, highlighted by Facebook, Twitter, reality TV, and talk shows, people want to know the bare truth about events and one another. And the demand for the communicators of this information is growing exponentially. The decision to become an English or Communications major puts one at the center of this frenzy that insatiably yearns for intimate information about the world. Anchoring my education in a degree that strengthens my communication skills and equips me to effectively and objectively report to readers, listeners, or viewers ? who want to cut through the chase and get the unembellished and accurate information they need ? is of the essence. But this objective is not just a modern convention, as one of our nation’s founders, Benjamin Franklin, also recognized the need for integrity when communicating with oth ers more than two centuries ago when he wrote about the virtue of sincerity, â€Å"Use no hurtful Deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly,† (DiYanni 231). Even though the truth may hurt, people like to hear it told like it is, and Franklin bases this on a timeless biblical principle, â€Å"Kings take pleasure in honest lips; they value a man who speaks the truth,† (The NIV Study Bible, Prov. 16.13). Regardless of the way Hollywood glorifies using deceit to get one’s way, the conscience of people ultimately directs them to seek and honor truth over lies. One of the allures to the viral intrigue of social media sites is the honesty and uncensored expression from which people are allowed to indulge, without having to adjust their lingo to political biases or other climates that stifle one’s free expression in the real world. This is why we are seeing a new age of news media, with many independent bloggers and reporters from localities that report on people and events without being filtered by bureaucracies or company politics. By making the decision to major in a field that puts an emphasis on effective and objective communication, I feel that I am one step ahead in a society that is putting a high demand on objective, truthful, and accurate reporting. I also chose to focus on English and Communications in my major

Parallel trade (import) in pharmaceuticals in the UK Dissertation

Parallel trade (import) in pharmaceuticals in the UK - Dissertation Example One of the most common problems of these practices is their failure to fully meet the standards related to the relevant activity. Furthermore, it seems that the willingness of the state to support business initiatives in various industrial sectors is not standardized. The above problem has resulted to the development of practices, which can help businesses to minimize the risks of loss and increase their competitiveness; parallel trade is such practice. Despite its value in increasing business performance, mostly through decreasing prices while the quality of offered products is not affected, parallel trade has been often negatively criticized as of its effects on the economy. On the other hand, there are industries more appropriate for parallel trade and others where parallel trade practices are difficult to be established. In the pharmaceutical industry of Britain, parallel import was used in order to control prices, which are already at a high level – compared to the averag e prices of similar products in other EU countries. The use of parallel trade in the pharmaceutical industry has been initially related to the reduced prices for patients; however, through the years, the specific activity has been also found to help towards ‘the reduction of costs for the social security system of the importing countries’.1 In practice, it has been proved that the use of parallel trade in the specific case did not manage to significantly support the particular industry – at least, not at the level expected by its initiators. However, important benefits were resulted for the British economy. The effects of parallel trade on the British pharmaceutical industry are examined in this paper. Emphasis is given on the policies used by the British legislators to control parallel trade regarding the pharmaceutical products and minimize relevant risks. It is concluded that parallel trade in the British pharmaceutical industry has helped the industry in incr ease its competitiveness against its rivals – referring mostly to the pharmaceutical industries of other member states; however, in terms of the performance of British pharmaceutical firms, the benefits of parallel trade are not clear, a fact indicating that additional measures need to be taken in order for the parallel trade in the specific industry to be more effectively controlled. 2. Parallel trade – description, characteristics and benefits Due to its nature, parallel import cannot be clearly defined; rather, reference could be made to its characteristics, as identified in the literature published in the particular field. In accordance with Cheng et al. (1995) the key characteristics of the parallel import are the following ones: ‘a) it relates to goods protected by trademark/ patent or copyright and b) the importer is not the rightholder of the said right but obtained and exported’.2 In terms of their legal status, parallel import goods have been cha racterized as ‘greymarket goods’, meaning that they are not fully legal;3 this issue is judged each time by reviewing the conditions of the local market but also the economic benefits to which parallel import is related in a particular market.4 In practice, this means that in countries where parallel import highly supports the national economy, its potential alignment with the law (referring to the legal status of the parallel

How I Came to be an Engligh Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How I Came to be an Engligh Major - Essay Example But some things never change, like the timeless principles of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Benjamin Franklin, who stress the importance of adhering to biblical precepts when communicating one’s message – an ideal that I especially appreciate as an ordained minister. I chose my major in order to truly make a difference in the way information is relayed to society, and a student who aspires to a career in public relations or broadcasting, I believe that I have taken the first step toward improving the communications field so that will work to edify society – not tear it down. As an ordained minister, I have an acute awareness of how crucial it is to accurately communicate the truth in order to have an effective ministry, and this extends into my career ambitions to excel in public relations or broadcasting. It is readily seen throughout the media that audiences desperately desire honest and objective reporting grounded in the truth. If people wanted a fictional spin, they would resort to fiction literature or other forms of entertainment such as the box office or prime time television. But in today’s information craze, highlighted by Facebook, Twitter, reality TV, and talk shows, people want to know the bare truth about events and one another. And the demand for the communicators of this information is growing exponentially. The decision to become an English or Communications major puts one at the center of this frenzy that insatiably yearns for intimate information about the world. Anchoring my education in a degree that strengthens my communication skills and equips me to effectively and objectively report to readers, listeners, or viewers ? who want to cut through the chase and get the unembellished and accurate information they need ? is of the essence. But this objective is not just a modern convention, as one of our nation’s founders, Benjamin Franklin, also recognized the need for integrity when communicating with oth ers more than two centuries ago when he wrote about the virtue of sincerity, â€Å"Use no hurtful Deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly,† (DiYanni 231). Even though the truth may hurt, people like to hear it told like it is, and Franklin bases this on a timeless biblical principle, â€Å"Kings take pleasure in honest lips; they value a man who speaks the truth,† (The NIV Study Bible, Prov. 16.13). Regardless of the way Hollywood glorifies using deceit to get one’s way, the conscience of people ultimately directs them to seek and honor truth over lies. One of the allures to the viral intrigue of social media sites is the honesty and uncensored expression from which people are allowed to indulge, without having to adjust their lingo to political biases or other climates that stifle one’s free expression in the real world. This is why we are seeing a new age of news media, with many independent bloggers and reporters from localities that report on people and events without being filtered by bureaucracies or company politics. By making the decision to major in a field that puts an emphasis on effective and objective communication, I feel that I am one step ahead in a society that is putting a high demand on objective, truthful, and accurate reporting. I also chose to focus on English and Communications in my major

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS - Essay Example A key challenge to be faced by the governments all over the world is that of the reduction in the use of personal vehicles and consumption of fossil fuel. With more focus on conserving the energy and find out new and sustainable energy resources, consumers world over are pressing governments to actually come forward with more stringent restrictions on the use of vehicles and energy resources which are damaging the environment. (Hill, and Jones.2010) Considering the fact that consumers are becoming relatively savvier, it is clear that new social trends will continue to emerge which can reshape the way industry operates. The focus towards the environment protection and fuel efficiency are some of the clear social trends which will emerge to create challenges for the industry. (Hill, and Jones, 2010). Probably the strongest challenge to the industry will come from the technological and environmental challenges in the next decades to come as fast changing technology often drives out firms who are slow to adapt to these challenges. There is a clear shift towards building cars which use clean and renewable energy while at the same time are efficient and cost effective also. One of the key weaknesses in the electronic or hybrid cars is that of the high cost and low fuel efficiency. Future trends therefore may clearly indicate of scenarios where EVs or Hybrid Cars have to be built upon technology which can ensure mobility, cost effectiveness as well as fuel efficiency. Considering the above PESTLE factors, it is quite evident that there can be two extreme scenarios i.e. rapid technological changes and the mass adaptation of EV cars. If the technology rapidly changes and Better Places is not able to keep pace with the technological changes through its effective R&D, it is clear that the company may go out of the business. Since this industry is dominated by the technology and almost all progress in the industry has

Vulnerable Population Essay Example for Free

Vulnerable Population Essay The vulnerable populations are people who are or may be in need of community care services because of their age, disability or illness and who are or may be unable to take good care of themselves or are unable to protect themselves from the significant exploitation or harm. Those who can be classified as vulnerable includes people undergoing the chemotherapy or living with HIV/AIDS, the children and infants, the frail elderly, the transplant patients, pregnant women and their fetuses. The vulnerable population people undergo several types of abuses which includes the physical abuse through hitting, pushing, shaking over medication or otherwise causing the physical harm, sexual abuse, which is unwanted touching, kissing or sexual activity or a situation where the vulnerable person cannot or does not give their consent, psychological abuse, which includes verbal abuse, humiliation, bullying or using threats, financial abuse which includes the illegal or the improper use of the persons money, property taking advantage of his/her present nature, neglect which is the repeated deprivation of the help or the care that a vulnerable person needs, and if withdrawn will cause him/her to suffer, institutional abuse which is the abuse , neglect and withdrawal of the rights or continually poor care in a care home setting and discriminatory abuse which includes the racist or sexist abuse and abuse based on the person’s disability and the other forms of harassment, slurs o r similar treatment. There are many barriers that are resulting to the decreasing disparity in a vulnerable population. The general population tends to assume the vulnerable population to a point of not being interested to know about their needs and what they are undergoing through. There is widespread ignorance among the people that they forget that the vulnerable population needs care and attention like any other normal person could. There is always little funding from the budget allocations by the government to cater for needs of the vulnerable population. The little funds which are set aside for them and on many occasions it has been misappropriated thus not benefiting the vulnerable. There has hasn’t been good policies that are to set the proper guidelines that are meant to put in place to protect the health needs of the vulnerable population. Most governments have not been keen to implement the good policies that are to benefit the vulnerable groups. The health facilities and services that are supposed to cater for the needs of the vulnerable population are poorly managed and at times the services which are supposed to be provided are not there or they are offered poorly may be because of the poor equipments or low moral of the workers. At work place there a presence of barriers in understanding the vulnerability. There are fellow workmates who are disabled and need care and attention of other workmates at some time. Some workmates do not care about them. Infact some complain that they are a burden because they interrupt their work and often abuse and a talk negatively about them when they are not in the office. People have not been sensitized fully to understand what vulnerability means and what it takes to be among the group and what the other people who are not like them are supposed to do to safeguard their well being. These people w should be well taken care of because they are part and parcel of the other active population. People at the workplace do not see vulnerability as a real problem because it does not affect them and may be none in their family are not part of the group. These are people who are unable to defend themselves or take care of themselves and so other people see them as a burden and therefore could try whatever means to avoid them.

Identity and Consumer Culture

Identity and Consumer Culture In the post-modern society, consumption became a very notion in peoples day-to-day life, consumer culture occupies the central position over the historical process of later modernity in the west, no matter we are black or white, fat or slim, male or female, doctor or housewife, European or Australian, people with a wide range of identities act as consumers in daily lives are obviously. The main task of this essay is to discuss the relationship between consumer culture and individuals identity, whether the contemporary concepts of identity fit with the qualities of a consumer culture, whether the qualities of consumer culture pose particular challengers for individuals to construct their identities. This essay was divided into two main parts: in the first part, different theoretical perspectives both on identity and consumer culture will be discussed; in the second central part, the essay will analyze and demonstrate how these two themes interrelated with each other. Over the centuries, there were a series of approaches on the subject about identity and self-identity from different aspects: psychology, social psychology, anthropology, sociology and philosophy, this essay will talk about identity from sociology and psychology perspectives. As Mach (2007) argues that identity is a symbolic construction, it is an image of ourselves, which we build in a process of communication with others. Therefore, it is dynamic and contextual, improving via dialogue and through the different ways in which people exchange the meaning of the diversity of symbols that constitute their cultural atmosphere and their social relations. Such as material culture, literature, ritual and myth, they are all the cultural heritage of people involved in the interaction, many other symbolic constructions (including these) plays a part in the process of construction of images, acting as the material out of which all these images as well as borders between groups are constructed. The construction of the identity of ones self and of others involves not only building symbolic images but also power relations, (March, 2007, p.54-55) which we must take into consideration. Between social groups there is an unequal balance of power, the process of communal symbolic identification take up the character of sustaining and legitimising the existing state of affairs through creating and re-creating the identity of all the members in that social context. Changes of symbolic identification and types of identity result from changes in the balance of power. Ardener claims that the construction of image of others and their model of identity is a performance of imposition (Andener, 1989 in Mach, 2007). The acceptance of this imposed identification may result from it. A person of a group may usually accept their identity as it has been created by their partners in the structure of society, in particular, if these partners conquer a stronger position in the structure of society . (Mach, 2007) Mach continues argues that there are two factors affect identity: one is the social relations of power and another one is the symbolic image of the world. The former contains not only the inner power structure within the group but also the relations with other groups. For example, if the power structure is a particular social group is incapacitated or oppressed, then its possibility to develop activities in which its identity shaped and transformed can be impaired. The latter factor is the conceptual foundation of these activities. (Mach, 2007) From a psychological perspective, Erik (1968) claims that identity formation makes use of a process of concurrent reflection and observation, a process happens on all levels of mental functioning, by which the individual judges him/herself on the basis of what he/she perceives to be the way in which other people judge him/her in comparison to themselves, while he/she judges their way of judging him/her in accordance with how he /she perceives him/herself in comparison to them and to models that have become pertinent to him/her. This process is more often than not unconscious except where internal conditions and external circumstances combine to aggravate an elated, or painful, identity-consciousness. (Erik, 1968, p.23) Furthermore, the process is always developing and changing, increasing differentiation and it becomes more comprehensive as the individual produces aware of a broadening circle of others significant to him/her. Finally, discussing with identity, we can not separate mut ual change and personal growth, nor can we detach the identity crisis in persons life and present crisis in historical development, because these two combine to define each other and are relative to each other. (Erik, 1968) Those are two theoretical perspectives on identity, next, let us move on to look at the concept of consumer culture. Everyday when we wake up we began to consume, using toothpaste and facial cleanser to wash, having some bread and a bottle of milk for breakfast, then we go to work produce goods, services or experiences for others to consume. Then we taking a break from work only to consume a delicious sandwich in the restaurant, after work we go to some clubs or pubs, if we still have some energy, go shopping or enjoying an incomparable concert, or even bought a CD and listening through computer. Therefore, our daily life is typically organized as alternating between times/space of work and times/spaces of consumption.(Sassatelli, R, 2007, p.3) So consumption has played a pivotal role in our daily life. In the modern world, central social practice and cultural values, identities, aspirations and ideas are defined and oriented relative to consumption rather than other social aspects, such as religious cosmology or military role. (Slater, 1997) As for Slater (1997), consumer culture is the main mode of cultural production developed over the course of modernity in the west. It stands for a social arrangement in which the relation between social resources and lived culture, between meaningful ways of life and the material and symbolic resources on which they rely, is arbitrated through markets. Consumer culture establish a system in which consumption is controlled by the consumption of commodities, and in which cultural reproduction is mainly understood to be performed through the practice of liberated personal choice in the private sphere of everyday life. Slater (1997) outlined some main features and characters in consumer culture: first, consumer culture is a culture of consumption. When considering this need to regard the main values of a society to be organized through consumption practice as well as in some sense to derive from them. Therefore, we might describe contemporary society as a pecuniary culture based on money, as materialistic, as commodified or as a society of choice and consumer sovereignty. Moreover, values from the sphere of consumption spill over into other areas of social action, such that modern society is totally a consumer culture, and not just in its specially consuming activities. Second, consumer culture is the culture of market society. We usually consume goods, services and experiences which have been produced exclusively with the purpose of being sold on the market to consumers. To a certain extent, essential to our consumption is the action of choosing among a series of alternative commodities produced b y organizations and institutions which are not interested in cultural values and need but in economic values and profit. The consumers access to consumption is organized by the distribution of material and cultural sources-money and taste- which itself is determined by market relations wage relation and social class. Third, in principle, consumer culture is universal and impersonal. Although we know that access to commodities is limited by access to money, commodity consumption is treated in principle as the activity of whole population. The idea of selling products is not designed to the needs of a unique and known person or community, however, which might be sold to anyone anywhere, presumes generalizable and impersonal relations of exchange as the foundation for mediating consumption. Fourth, consumer culture identifies freedom with private choice and life. Consumer choice is a private action, it is merely the ordinary version of the broader notion of private, individual freedom . However, the individual privacy choice seems to contradict social order, authority and solidarity. In many aspects, this is the main critics in consumer culture. Fifth, in principle, consumer needs are insatiable and unlimited. In consumer culture, the continuous desire for more and the continuous production of more desires is taken to be normal for its citizens as well as crucial for socio-economic progress and order. The increased is widely understood as both a spur and a response to individuals desires to become increasingly imaginative, sophisticated and personal, as well as individuals desire to advance themselves economically and socially. Sixth, within a post-traditional society, consumer culture is privileged medium for negotiating identity and status- the communication and practice of social position-under these conditions, tradition regulation is replaced by construction and negotiation, and consumer goods are important to the way in which we construct our social appeara nce, networks and our structures of our social value. However, Consumer culture is a contradiction in terms of culture because it characterizes the destruction of a stable traditional social order by capitalist and industrial relations that degrade real culture, challenge the social values that are essential for social solidarity and render peoples social identities fluid and unstable. Through consumer culture, through the use of goods, services and experiences that we formulate ourselves as social identities and present these identities. Goods can indicate social identity, but in the post-traditional society, comparing to others identity seems to be more a function of consumption. The images we constructed on the external of our bodies, our living location -appearance- become a central way of understanding and identifying ourselves and each other. (Slater, 1997) In terms of appearance, Giddens argues that bodily appearance and demeanour become especially important with the advent of modernity and modes of facial adornment or dress to some degrees mean individualization. (Giddens, A, 1991) On the one hand, our personal impression manifest our identity, so we consume certain goods to make ourselves look better and feel better which could be considered as a sign we construct our self-identity. For example, women consume cosmetics and beautiful dress to make them look good; some people use weight loss products to make them look slim; others may go to health clubs to built muscles or practice yoga to make them healthy. We choose these goods over others precisely because they are not neutral, because they are culturally incompatible and even in opposition to those perspectives on the organization of society and identity which we want to refute. In this sense consumption is the very arena in which culture is fought over and licked into shape. (Sassatelli, 2007, p.98) This means that consumption reflects fundamental choices of which type of society we want to live in and which type of person we wish to be, and what we do not agree to take and what we do not want to be. (Sassa telli, 2007) It is a process of internal self-examination and self-communication. In this process, people judge themselves, classify themselves and make themselves to choose, because consumers have sovereignty over their own needs, desires, wants, identities. (Slater, 1997, p.34) On the other, goods are good to think: they can be treated as symbolic means of classifying the world, as the tools of a particular form of non-verbal communication. (Douglas, M, 1996) Our world and society are classifies by goods into different class, lower class, middle class and upper class, people within different class have different social identity, according to Slater (1997), in principle consumers needs are insatiable and unlimited and whose desires grow much faster than their fortunes, (Ewen, 1999) So people in different class with different social identity and status want to rank among a advanced class to pursue higher identity in the manner of high value consumption. For instance, some may choose to go further for education and get masters degree or doctors degree; or others may choose to consume a famous brand to flatter their self-esteem, such as Chanel, Gucci, Christian Dior, Swarovski, Lancà ´me and so forth, therefore, some factories may copy those fashionable and po pular luxuries from upper class to fulfill those individuals desire and satisfaction on proving their social identities and status. A growing market in cheap luxury items allowed others to purchase the symbolic accoutrements of status. (Ewen, 1999, p. 59) We could negotiate, define, improve or observe our identities through goods, through consumption, through consumer culture; we also could be defined, guided and identified by those goods, institutions or communities vice versa, they are important in our daily life for constructing, reconstructing and maintaining our identity. Consumer culture offers wide range of guidance on the relation between the expanding sphere of meaningful consumer goods, experiences and services and the scheme of maintaining a self. This comes in the form of consumer magazines and the consumerist editorial columns in more general magazines as well as in the form of advertising. (Slater, 1997) For example, a teenage magazine named sugar considered as style bible for the teenage girl readers, because it provides a wide range of guides and instructions in the operations of femininity. To some degree, the developments in the teenage magazine industry during the 1990s can be seen as an intensification of the proce ss of logic of consumption. Increasingly promotional and editorial features have tied the making of adolescent feminine selves to the deployment and acquisition of appropriate goods and products and celebrated shopping and consumption as specifically feminine pleasures. Marketing publishers and directors were particularly active in constructing the figure of different consumers identity to meet the logic of consumer capitalism, and creating a natural fit between the demands and desires of those consumers with the solutions provided by the magazine product. Magazines are presented as dominant to the successful management of their readers who will have developed a strong sense of their own identity. (Bell Hollows, 2005, p. 173-177) Also, advertisement is another guidance guide us orientate ourselves for constructing self-identity. Slater (1997, p.86) claimed that in a commercial world, advertising provides maps of modernity, authoritative, discourses through and about objects which a llow us to orient ourselves to the social meanings of things. For example, appealing to insecurities and dissatisfaction around the job, certain advertisements not only offered their goods as a sort of job insurance, but also suggested that through the usage of their products one might become a business success-the capitalist concept of individual self- fulfillment. (Ewen, 1976, p. 46-47) However, under some circumstances, some advertisement or promotional images may not genuine or if the individual read them amiss, they may be lead very wide astray, because a promotional message is a complex of significations which at once represents, advocates, and anticipates the circulating entity or entities to which it refers. (Wernick,1991) People with different identities or people want to prove their distinct identities depend on choosing, we have no choice but to choose (Giddens, A, 1991, p.81), choosing according to ones taste is a issue of identifying goods that are objectively adjust to ones position. (Bourdieu, P, 1984) However, consumer culture increases the individuals experiences of anxiety and risk by offering more choice images and choices of different identities and by raising the sense of social risk let in for making the wrong choice, This kind of risk may cause identity crisis to some extent with the process of modernity. The description of modernity as mass identity crisis link up with consumer culture in several ways: first, the symbol of individual choice controls our sense of the social. Social structure and action are progressively understood in terms of individual choices take on in relation to the needs of/for self. Through the image of consumption modern identity is best understood. In the plural ized social world we choose a self-identity from the shop-window; objects, experiences and actions are all reflexively confronted as part of the need to maintain and construct self-identity. Second, identity itself can be seen as a commodity which can be sale. Self is not an internal sense of authenticity but rather a predictable condition of social success and survival. We have to create and sell an identity to a variety of social markets with the purpose of having intimate relationships, jobs and social standing. Third, both material and symbolic resources through which we create and maintain identities increasingly take the form of consumer goods and actions through which we create appearance and arrange social encounters and leisure time. Conversely, in post-traditional anomie, the quest for identity is debatably the greatest market of all, or the motivation underlies all markets, at least, marketing take for granted that we want goods primarily for the desirable and meaningful identities with which they might endow us. At the same time consumerism exploits mass identity crisis by offering its goods as solutions to the problems of identity, and in the procedure strengthens it by proffering ever more plural values and methods of being. Consumer culture breeds and lives in the cultural deficits of modernity. (Slater, D, 1997) As a conclusion, this essay goes overview the Mach and Eriks perspective on identity and Slaters concept about consumer culture and analyzes the relationship between those two themes: through consumer culture individuals could construct self-identity and present these identities when consuming, because goods can indicate social identity, in another word, people could construct identity in the back ground of consumer culture, this is a process we depend on our self and active. Also, we were received and guided through media consumption vice versa, this point was demonstrated by magazines and advertisement in consumer culture, and within this process compared to the previous one individuals are not so active to construct identity to some extent, they were guided by media information. Last, people making choice when consuming, when we make the wrong choice will lead to identity crisis, consumer culture increases the individuals experiences of anxiety and risk by offering more choice ima ges and choices of different identities and by raising the sense of social risk let in for making the wrong choice, This kind of risk may cause identity crisis to some extent with the process of modernity. Therefore, for the previous two points identity is fit with the contemporary notions of consumer culture, and for the last one, consumer culture poses the challenge for constructing an identity.

Fahrenheit 9/11 :: essays research papers

Fair?enheit 9/11   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a typical Saturday at Florida State University. The Noles has defeated, pretty decisively, UNC and the people were conducting normal activities. However, this Saturday was different in the fact that Academy Award winner Michael Moore was to speak to students at the Ruby Diamond auditorium about the upcoming 2004 presidential election. I had received my ticket from the College Democrats, who had arranged for their group to have block seating. During the event itself, which included an introduction by Andrew Gillium, a local Tallahassee politician, Michael Moore talked about his various complaints about President Bush’s policies and told young voters to vote for the Kerry/Edwards ticket. He also showed some extra clips from his movie Fahrenheit 9/11. This movie, which is a â€Å"documentary†, grossed over 110 million dollars in the U.S (Kopel 2). The budget for the film itself was only 6 million dollars. Michael Moore had won the Oscar for Bowli ng for Columbine the year before for Best Documentary, and so this film was very much anticipated by both sides of the political aisle. To add to this expectation, Moore was an outspoken opponent of the Bush administration and had used his 2003 acceptance speech at the Oscars to blast Bush’s war on Iraq. This film, at least from my perspective, was the result of great passion and zeal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film itself, in the words of many commentators, a â€Å"two hour hate letter to Bush†, and in my opinion it was. This film was coming out on the heels of Mel Gibson’s hit success, The Passion, and the same type of intense controversy was surrounding Fahrenheit 9/11. The movie premiered in June, and according to a friend of mine the opening night was jammed pack in Tallahassee itself, which was showing the film only at the Miracle 5 Theater. All across the nation, Moore’s film was number 1, grossing huge amounts of money. It was expected to generate huge profits all across the globe, for it was a film many who oppose President Bush were waiting to see. I was amazed at how this film was treated as if it were Moses handing down the law, and with all the hype I decided that it was time for me to see it I did not think I would get to see this movie. My beliefs about the war and terrorism could be thought of as Pro-Bush, and I highly distrusted anything Moore had to say after seeing Bowling for Columbine, which I believed contained distortions.

Understanding the Rise of the Environmental Movement Through

Understanding the rise of the Environmental Movement through the use of Max Weber’s 4 types of ‘Social Action’ Sociology 101 – Laura Meehan Historically, while industrialization and production have flourished, there has been little concern regarding the environment’s well being. However, now more than ever, there has been a growing awareness and acceptance of environmentalism, as people begin to realize that the large-scale environmental destruction we have caused, cannot be mended or manipulated by technological fixes.This somewhat ‘new’ movement to enter into the political arena claims it is necessity that the foundations of modern industrial society have to be challenged and restructured, as well that we must transform our social actions in order for it to succeed. Through the use of Max Weber’s 4 types of ‘social action’, we are able to better understand and analyze the reasons for change, progress, and setbacks w ithin the environmental movement. To begin with, in sociology, ‘social action’ refers to â€Å"all human behavior when and in so far as the acting individual attaches a subjective meaning to it† (Anderson, Karen L. 2012), â€Å"Thinking About Sociology: A Critical Introduction† (p. 155). ) Additionally, as defined by Weber himself, social actions â€Å"[are] interpreting the meanings which men give to their actions and so understand the actions themselves. † (Matthews, Eric (1978), â€Å"Selections In Translation† (p. 7). ) Point in fact, there are four types of ‘social actions’: 1. Goal rational: social action motivated by specific goals, 2. Value rational: social action motivated by weighing goal and how it is achieved, 3. Affectual action: social action motivated by emotions, and 3. Traditional action: action motivated by a tradition or custom.Therefore with specific regards to the environmental movement, value rational and af fectual actions are the most relevant social actions. Generally speaking, value rational is the absolute essence of this movement as it strives for more ethical approaches to consumption, while focusing not only on the goal, rather how it is achieved. A perfect example to compliment this is to take a glance at how companies are turning to ‘fair trade’ products, which are organized to help producers in developing countries make better trading conditions and promote environmental sustainability.Pursuing this further, another ideal example of how the environmental movement encompasses a value rational action is the ‘100km diet’. This ‘diet’ refers to only eating food grown or produced within 100 kilometers of your locale, and amongst other goals, promotes environmental sustainability. The diet reduces the amount of â€Å"food miles†-which is the distance food is transported from the producer to the store, including the emissions created-tha t each person's meal goes through. It undoubtedly captures the principle of value rational action, as it is entirely focuses on how ‘the goal’ is achieved.Consequently, the environmental movement also clearly demonstrates social actions motivated by emotions, or therefore, affectual action. Many parents have joined the movement in hopes that they will be able to give their children, grandchildren, and future families the same or better quality of life in which they’ve experienced in their lifetime. This action is directly driven by their emotions; the very thought of their children suffering in the future’s daunting changing environments pulls on their heart strings, and they join the movement to avoid a negative future.However in contrast, without allude to the less pertinent role of ‘goal action’ as well as ‘traditional action’, we would not be able to fully comprehend the restrictions as well as the difficulties the movement is faced with. First off, the issue regarding the restriction of the movement’s progress is owing to the fact that a large portion of post-industrial society is still focused on the capitalist mode of production. More specifically, they are focused on increasing production and feeding the starving mouths of consumerism.Capitalism urges surplus production, which can leave devastation destruction to the land in which it occupies; deforestation, toxic waste and pollution, oil spills, and much more. Pursuing this further, this portrays how the very basis of capitalism, is goal rational; governments or corporations have a set economic goal in mind, and will essentially put their ethics on a shelf, in order to achieve their goal. This can stunt or sometimes bring the movement’s progress to a halt, as it can be a very grueling change as the environmental movement tries to hift the social action from a goal rational society to a value rational society. Similarly, the changes in which occupy the environmental movement are also limited by a multiplicity of people whom are reluctant to alter their lifestyles, as they are comfortable with the way they’ve always done things. This would clearly outline an individual, or group of individuals, in which fall under traditional action. They are comfortable with the lifestyle and traditions they have, and they are not willing to change, with the reason that it is ‘the way things have always been done’.This has been a great restriction for the movement, and may partially be driven by the fear of change and what will come. In final analysis, Weber’s four types of social action are useful conceptual tools for explaining and understanding contemporary social reality, as they allow us to analyze particular patterns that constitute the institutions, organizations, structures, and norms of society. â€Å"Social action (which includes failure to act and being acted upon) can be related to the past, present or anticipated future behavior of other people. (Matthews, Eric (1978), â€Å"Selections In Translation† (p. 26). ) Attempting to understand an individual or group’s actions and the results, is necessary to formulate an explanation of how society works, as well as how social change transpires. It can give insight on why a group or individual acted in a certain way, or predict how they may react in any future or hypothetical situations. In the same way, the more precise the ideal type, the more useful it is to devise classifications of groups or individuals and to produce hypotheses regarding the implication of their social actions. The more radically these ultimate values diverge from our own, the more difficult it is for us to understand them be re-living them through an act of empathetic imagination. † (Matthews, Eric (1978), â€Å"Selections In Translation† (p. 11). ) What is being outlined by Weber, is that social actions are not only useful i n an analytical sense, however they allow us to reason another’s actions from a different standpoint than that of our own.Consequently, another feature of these conceptual tools is to note how the actions of individuals must be analyzed to determine their consequences, since there may be unintended consequences to individual or group social action, or of the combined effects of each of these actions, which in turn can assist us in explaining contemporary social reality. In conclusion, social actions allow us to see a different perspective and understand why a group or individual acts the way they do, what motivates them, and how it can influence their social reality.Through the use of Max Weber’s 4 types of ‘social action’, we are able to clearly comprehend, analyze and predict reasons for change, progress, and setbacks within the environmental movement. Bibliography Matthews, Eric. â€Å"The Nature of Social Action. † Weber: Selections In Translati on. 1st ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Pg. 7, 11 & 25. Print. Anderson, Karen L. â€Å"Chapter 6. † Thinking About Sociology: A Critical Introduction. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press Canada, 2012. Pg. 155. Print.

The Catcher in The Rye: Depression Catcher

American Lit 12, March 2012 Depression Catcher Do you have helpless outlook on your life? One minute it's an outburst of anger. The next you're crying uncontrollably. Do you need help? The Catcher In The Rye is a novel based of the main character’s point of view, his name is Holden Caulfield. Set in 1950s New York and California, where Holden is a mental hospital telling us, the readers, about his few days after leaving Pency. The movie Ferris’ Bullers Day Off , also set in Chicago, is a movie based in the 1980s. Ferris makes his friends skip school and run all around town trying to make Cameron have fun.In both the film and novel, you see many examples of depression and suicidal thoughts from both Holden and Cameron. Teenagers face a lot of pressures, from puberty to questions about who they are and where they fit in. In The Catcher In The Rye, Holden runs away from his fancy high school, Pency, 3 days before break begins. He felt isolated with no friends. â€Å"I alm ost wished I was dead† (48). Holden had just gotten in a fight with his roommate, Stradlater. Now Ackley was trying to have a conversation about the fight with Holden but he keeps talking nonsense to Ackley.In Ferris’ Buellers Day Off, Cameron, Ferris’ best friend always seems to be sick. His family isn’t really in his life and when they are, they seems to only bring him down. In the beging scene of Cameron, he is in bed acting like he’s dying. Holden says: â€Å".. she wouldn't've been the ones that answered the phone. My parents would be the ones. So that was out† (pg. 59). He doesn’t seem to have a great relationship with his parents either. Holden wants to talk to his little sister Pheobe or anyone for that matter. He feels isolated within himself which makes him depressed.Cameron is the same in that he is very awkward and no one really seems to want to be friends with him. Towards the end of the book, Holden takes a visit to see P heope but is unable to find her. He looks in the park and museum. â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody'd move. You could go there a hundred thousand times, and that Eskimo would still be just finished catching those two fish, the birds would still be on their way south, the deer would still be drinking out of that water hole, with their pretty antlers and their pretty, skinny legs, and that squaw with the naked bosom ould still be weaving that same blanket† (pg. 121). Therefore, Holden would love to live in a world where everything stays frozen, where nothing changes. This way, Holden can never grow up to be an adult. Cameron is very mad after they got the car back because of all the miles that were added. He goes in to shock and is unable to move. Ferris and Sloan try their best to get him out of it but he won’t budge. While at the pool, Cameron falls in, almost committing suicide. Ferris jumps in to save.Cameron starts to laugh saying â€Å"I got you good†. Holden goes home to find Pheobe. Phoebe is the only person Holden seems to actually like and have a stable friendship throughout the novel. She is the only one who tries to push him to do better: â€Å"You don't like any schools. You don't like a million things† (pg. 169). When Holden hears this, he becomes upset and states: â€Å"`I do! That's where you're wrong-that's exactly where you're wrong! Why the hell do you have to say that†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ I said. Boy, was she depressing me. Holden and Cameron are depressed teenagers who have suicidal thoughts because of depression. Depression: severe despondency and dejection, accompanied by feeling of hopelessness and inadequacy, a condition of mental disturbance, typicaly with lack of energy and difficulty in maintaining concentration or interest in life. People who are depressed don’t look for a way out. They have zero motivation and are always second guess ing stuff. They think the only way out is death; suicide. Just like what Holden and Cameron seem to feel.

Beatlemania & The Rise and Fall Of The Beatles

The year 1960 turned to be a year for the world to remember. It was not because a war began or it ended. It was the year the music industry was revolutionized. It was when the four men from Liverpool England made the biggest impact in the music scene. The Beatles was born. They stunned the pop culture world and set the mark for music for years.Their personalities, melodies and overwhelming, heart warming charisma graced the airwaves and the crowd. Adults who usually listen to rock and roll music gave in to their music and joined the hype, and were convinced that the group really has chemistry and sense in their melodies and lyrical contents.Convinced was the appropriate word. Needless to say, people of all ages were tuned to the rhythm they were making. Originally formed by John Lennon as The Quarrymen, the group had its share of hardship. Playing only on clubs and small bars, the group stayed. Then they met Paul McCartney and eventually joined by George Harrison. The group toured se veral countries including Scotland to perform their songs. The group was influenced by then rock and roll icon, Elvis Presley who served as their idol. The missing piece of the fab four, Ringo Starr, later joined them in 1962 after the original drummer was fired.They also mourned the death of a former original member who died of brain hemorrhage. The quartet then started touring the European continent. They started playing their tunes in Hamburg, Germany. George Harrison was sent back to England after he was found by the German authorities to be lying. He was found guilty of falsifying the information he gave and was discovered that he is a minor and not qualified to work. Harrison’s deportation was succeeded with arson charges for Paul McCartney after setting a fire in his hotel room. The Hamburg experience was short lived as the members had no choice but to leave German soil.Only John Lennon stayed in Hamburg because of his then fiancee. They all went back to Liverpool and had a sort of reunion and never stopped playing. The group were driven to seek new heights and dreamt of becoming icons too as their idol, Elvis Presley. They came back to Hamburg and this time, they were handled by a manager. The manager looked for bar outlets for their gigs and scheduled them to prominent music fronts across the city. The big act came when the manager brought them to a recording studio and hoped that they land a contract.After this moment, the boys were demoralized when they learned that the studio was not impressed with their music. The group, though were downed, did not succumb to the challenges. The band was on high spirits as they were rewarded as they were signed to a renewable one year contract at EMI. Their recording contract turned out to be an awful one because of the payment they will receive for every album sold. They were only paid a penny for it which was later reduced for albums sold internationally. Members were again saddened by this turn out and n early gave up.They continued to record songs after songs not knowing that their time was nearing and just a moment within their reach. September 1962 was the time of their lives as their single â€Å"Love Me Do† debuted at number 17 on the UK charts and topped the US charts after 18 months of its release. They also recorded their first album and their next 45 songs were chart toppers in the United Kingdom. THE BEATLES' DOMINANCE OF THE MUSIC CHARTS Throughout their career, the Beatles established milestones that assured their place in the history of popular music.They had seventeen number-one singles in the United Kingdom, twenty number-one singles in the United States, fifteen number-one albums in the United Kingdom, and nineteen number-one albums in the United States. They spent 1,278 weeks on the British charts (more than any other act), 175 weeks at number one on the British charts (more than any other act), and in 1965 produced the first British album to debut at number one (Help! ). They had the highest album sales in the United States of any group ever, with close to 107 million albums sold.Further, the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) remains the United Kingdom's all-time best-selling album. The Beatles were among the first artists to use sound and studio effects in production and orchestration in pop music; they were also the first group to develop the concept album. In every sense, the Beatles were second to none in the domain of 1960s pop music. Within the band, it is hard to say who was the leader. Both John and Paul were major forces, and George and Ringo often felt left out of the decision-making process.Some feel that manager Brian Epstein had a significant impact on the group and helped maintain the relationships between band members prior to his death in 1967. THE BEATLES AS VISIONARIES â€Å"The Beatles shared their vision with fans. Whether the topic was simple or complex, they consistently challenged their fans to look at life through a new lens. For instance, early in their career, the Beatles had an impact on what was a socially acceptable â€Å"mop top† for men. Later in their career, the Beatles' interest in Eastern culture introduced the sitar and concepts such as transcendental meditation and spiritual regeneration to the West.The scholar Warren Bennis, who has studied leadership for many years, calls this phenomenon management of attention, the ability to draw others to them. In Bennis's words, they had the ability to â€Å"manage attention through a compelling vision that brings others to a place they have not been before† (Bennis 2000, 17). In all phases of their career, their vision, ability to speak to the hearts and minds of fans, physical appeal and friendly personalities, and avant-garde fashion sense affirmed their stature as icons. The Beatles' success also took the industry to new places, as they became the model of what a successful band should be†.THE BEATLES AS STORYTELLERS Above all else, the Beatles told stories and shared their vision through their music. According to the developmental psychologist and cognitive scientist Howard Gardner, â€Å"stories of identity—narratives that help individuals think about and feel who they are, where they come from, and where they are headed—that constitutes the single most powerful weapon in the leader's literary arsenal† (Gardner 1995, 43). LASTING INFLUENCE The Beatles impacted fashion with mop-tops, mohair suits, Cuban-heeled boots, velvet-collar suits, Eastern clothing, and granny glasses.Popular usage of words such as â€Å"gear† and â€Å"fab† is also attributed to the group. In the studio, the Beatles were among the first to release a concept or â€Å"themed† album; use sitars, orchestration, and quartets in a pop song; use intentional feedback; fade songs directly into one another; and produce backward vocal and guitar sounds—all te chniques that are commonplace today. A quote by folk singer and songwriter Bob Dylan may sum up the Beatles best. He said, â€Å"They were doing things nobody was doing. Their chords were outrageous, just outrageous, and their harmonies made it all valid.Everybody else thought they were for the teenyboppers, that they were gonna pass right away. But it was obvious to me that they had staying power. I knew they were pointing to the direction where music had to go. Quantitative and qualitative data support Dylan's account of the Beatles. Countless groups have followed the Beatles, but none have achieved the success of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr†. Beatlemania After their songs hit number one on the charts, the formal ignition of the Beatlemania and the worldwide craze began.Adults, kids and specially the girls were mad about them. The hype continued and the band hit the airwaves all over England and the world. They also invaded the television sc ene. Beatlemania was first coined by Scottish promoter, Andy Lothian in 1963 to describe the frenzied fans adulation of the four members mostly by female teenage fans. The hysteria reached the United States and all the fans were screaming at their concerts and guestings. The mania hit its highest in 1964 and catapulted the band to music immortality. Their stature from being local bar singers was changed to a global music entertainers.The craze was largely accounted from the harmonic voices of the band and the adoration of the fans for the individual personalities of the members. They were all good looking and the fans were rooting for them and even others were screaming to have them as fathers of their children. They want to get pregnant with the members. The group were even impersonated and copied by several groups just to ride the popularity. The phenomenon was also a base for other groups means to make their own names by associating them with the Beatles.The band also get noted b y influential and renowned music critics. It gave more popularity to them by being noticed and being the talk of every conversation in every streets. â€Å"The Beatles’ conquest of America early in 1964 launched the British Invasion, as a torrent of rock and roll bands from Britain overtook the pop charts. The Fab Four’s first Number One single in the U. S. was â€Å"I Want to Hold Your Hand,† released on Capitol Records, EMI’s American counterpart. This exuberant track was followed by 45 more Top Forty hits over the next half-dozen years.During the week of April 4, 1964, the Beatles set a record that is likely never to be broken when they occupied all five of the top positions on Billboard’s Top Pop Singles chart, with â€Å"Can’t Buy Me Love† ensconced at Number One. Their popularity soared still further with the release of their playfully anarchic documentary film, A Hard Day’s Night, in August 1964 (Webmaster 2007)†. What was then a local industry bloomed into a worldwide trend. They become England’s biggest exports. The group even did crazy things like changing their hair and making them look comedic but nothing changed.The fans still love them whatever they do to themselves. Followers even imitate their fashion. That is the way fans are loving them. They were treated as not only national but international icons. Even when some of their recordings got entangled to record producers and be held for release, somehow someone found a way to make it a reality. This was when their song â€Å"She Loves You† was not released as scheduled. It did not receive airtime play. But when a fan knew about this, she was prompted to wrote a letter to a radio station manager and beg that they play the then unreleased Beatles’ song.The manager heeded the call and granted the fan her request and the whole United States of America was again in euphoria. The manager even release it on a rush mode. Music industry’s version of the Guiness Book of World Records were shattered as the group’s album â€Å"I Want To Hold Your Hand† reached one million copies in just ten days after its release. This was the previously held album by record producers. The hype spread all across America. Airports were flooded by fans also in record breaking fashions. They were greeted by millions as they arrived.Getting a glimpse of them closely is a big thing to die for. It was a chance of a lifetime for fans. More and more people get addicted to their music as they began hitting the five million mark sales, largely due to the reason that the fans want to get a copy for themselves. Their songs were even translated to other European languages such as German to be understood fully their lyrics. They are a musical genius. Organizing concerts were very hard for promoters because it posed a big problem for them whether the venue can accommodate all the fans that will be flocking in.Con certs were held all across North America and these musical gathering produces only one result: a turnout already been known, a sellout. â€Å"Beatlemania was responsible for the concept of the stadium concert. More than 55-thousand screaming fans — at the time, the most ever to have attended a single concert — packed New York's Shea Stadium in August 1965 (White 2008)†. Paying for the tickets was not a problem for the paying patrons even if it is their hard earned money for it will all be worth it. Screaming fans, bright lights and more and more popularity the band gained. They were the only group to be praised like that.As the band got more fans in America, Their concert acts will be spread all over the world. They visited Australia and New Zealand on their Atlantic trip and was the group’s first oversea exposure not done on English or American soil. â€Å"By April, 1964, the band's singles occupied the top five spots on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Tha t summer, they toured New Zealand and Australia, where their arrival in Adelaide was greeted by a crowd estimated at more than 300,000. The first Beatles movie, A Hard Day's Night was released in 1964. All told, the band released seven albums in the US and UK in 1964, all but three of them charting at #1.Two others peaked at #2, and the third, the soundtrack from a UK TV documentary (The Beatles Story) reached #7 (White 2008)†. The group’s success was not only estimated by the number of fans going into their concerts and the number of people who bought their records, but attributed to the fact that they have done all these things and stuffs in a dramatic and empirical way. They broke all musical records in terms of album sales. They hold the most number of records sold worldwide with over a billion and is the best selling of all time. The most number of platinum, diamond, gold albums sold.The fastest selling album in weeks, all these were all done by Beatles only. As En gland’s national contribution to the world, the four members of the band were nominated to be knighted. They were supposed to be given the award Members of the Order of the British Empire. This issue raised many eyebrows as critiques protested for this award was only given to men in uniforms and civic and community leaders. â€Å"Two months later, the Fab Four became Members of the Order of the British Empire, one of the highest honors bestowed in the UK, usually to military and government officials (White 2008)†.As their popularity increases, so is England’s rose to fame. That same year, the band flew back to America for their first major concert in New York City. But this is different not only because this is their first but also this was the first to be held in a sports stadium where no one dared to do. The result? It was literally overwhelming. Almost close to 60,000 fans packed the stadium (Coleman). Breaking records in the music industry became a habit for the band. It was recognized as major feat for the group’s leap for maturity and seemed to be headed for supremacy and immortality.â€Å"When all was said and done, the Beatles charted 20 Number One singles in the States – a number even greater than runner-up Elvis Presley’s 17 chart-toppers. For such feats of sales and airplay alone, the Beatles can unassailably be regarded as the top group in rock and roll history. Yet their significance as a band extends beyond numbers to encompass their innovations in the recording studio. The Beatles’ legacy as a concert attraction, during their harried passage from nightclubs to baseball stadiums, is distinguished primarily by the deafening screams of female fans overcome by the group’s very appearance.Consequently, the Beatles began to indulge their creative energies in the studio, layering sounds and crafting songs in a way no one had attempted before. The results included such musically expansive and lyri cally sophisticated albums as Rubber Soul (1965) and Revolver (1966). For various reasons, ranging from safety concerns to frustration that no one could hear or was listening, the Beatles retired from touring after a San Francisco concert on August 29, 1966 (Webmaster 2007)†. The legacy created by the Beatles was emphasized by their overwhelming turnouts in concert acts and unrivalled airtime sustenance.Screams from fans were deafening as they perform and so much adulation for them is primarily characterized from their passage from nightclubs to baseball stadiums. Games even major league championship series never packed a stadium like the Beatles does. The adrenaline and the fame the members are feeling transcribed in the studio as they were writing more beautiful songs. Inspired by their vast success the group kept on living up to the expectations of the fans. As the fame and fortune continued, their popularity went to their heads. They started to feel very secured with what they have.Thus prompting them to utter words and do things that fans started to wonder and think of what really the band members personality in real life is. The Start of the Fall As the band started touring the world, it had the Philippines on their itinerary. It was a national government and presidential custom that whenever a well renowned person or persons came and visit the country, the Palace opened its doors for them. â€Å"While in the Philippines, the Beatles had been invited to Malacanang Palace by Imelda Marcos. The Beatles have stated that they never agreed to appear at this reception.They remained unaware of any problem until the next morning. As they turned on their hotel television, the Beatles learned of accidentally snubbing the First Lady by not appearing at the palace. The Beatles also found that the government-run media was now fueling a firestorm against them via television news reports of the snub. There was a scene at the airport as the Beatles attempted to l eave the country (Spangler 1966)†. Being head of the country, President Marcos ordered that the band will not be escorted by the police. They will have no protection for whatever happens to them while in the Philippine soil.The snub incident was televised nationally and created a nationwide backlash at the Beatles. Irate fans began to hate the group. They stand and waited for the group so they can make negative comments on them. The group were on their own heading to Manila International Airport. A hostile crowd greeted the group with kicks and punches. The money they earned from the concert was ordered to be given back or else they can not leave the country. After the incident in the Philippines in 1966, outrage of criticisms for the Beatles grew wider. United States, where they had a huge popularity and success, cried foul.Social conservatives and religious leaders were pissed by their pronouncements. â€Å"On July 31, 1966, John Lennon’s comments on the state of Chr istianity – made in March, but only lately picked up in the U. S. – spark protests and record burnings on the eve of the Beatles’ 1966 American tour (Webmaster 2007) †. â€Å"While on March 1, 1966, London’s ‘Evening Standard’ publishes an interview with John Lennon in which he states that the Beatles are â€Å"more popular than Jesus now. † The comment provokes several protests, including the burning of Beatles records (Webmaster 2007)†.Lennon then apologised for the words he had spoken. The national apology was done during their concert which turned out to be their last. The group was also partly to be blamed for America’s problem on youth regarding drug addiction. They were saying things that there is a thing as open use of drugs. As they were idolized, fans followed them. They also launch anti-Americanism. The group never performed again in The US. They got back to the studio to record their songs. There was no formal break up but a sort of â€Å"shying away† from the limelight stuff. They had fewer television guestings.The woes continued as the band manager allegedly killed himself from drug overdose. The group never came close to their standing before. Tons of fans, record sales and the hype were all gone. They are just hoping they can win all them back. Their recordings were never their songs before. People are irritated now to their music as albums which came lately were uneasy to hear. Abbey Road album was focused on dirty lyrics. They maintained their integrity as a band but not the popularity they had before The band also used some advanced gadgets to enhanced their melodies.â€Å"Disputes, disagreements and disharmony among band members had been gradually increasing, become especially apparent during the White Album recording sessions. The band's last performance together outside the studio (a promotional event on the roof of Apple Studios) came in January 1969. Their last recording session (for Abbey Road) followed in August (white 2008)†. â€Å"On January 30, 1969, The Beatles make their last performance as a group on the roof of the Apple building during the filming of ‘Let It Be’(Webmaster 2007)†. â€Å"The band's breakup was announced in April 1970, a month before Let It Be was released.Documents filed on December 31, 1970 officially ended the legal entity known as The Beatles (White 2008)†. â€Å"On April 10, 1970, Paul McCartney announced his departure from the Beatles, and the group quietly came to an end. Throughout the Seventies, fans hoped for an eventual reunion, while the group members pursued solo careers with varying degrees of artistic and commercial success (White 2008)†. â€Å"In addition to the 23 albums (counting soundtracks and separate US and UK releases) released during the band's life (1960-1970) there have been more than 150 compilations, recorded interviews and videos issued.Hundreds o f books have been written about their personal lives, their music, and their influence on pop culture and rock music. Their original record label, EMI and the Guinness Book of World Records estimate that more than 1-billion Beatles albums, singles and CDs have been sold worldwide. Authentic Beatles memorabilia continues to command huge sums. Recently an audio tape of a 1974 interview with Lennon sold at auction for more than $38,000. At the same auction, McCartney's handwritten lyrics for â€Å"Maxwell's Silver Hammer† brought $192,000 (White 2008)†.â€Å"On December 8, 1980, John Lennon is shot by a deranged assailant as he and Yoko return to the Dakota after a recording session. He is pronounced dead at Roosevelt Hospital (Webmaster 2007)†. It was first thought that it was a fan who got disappointed at the group. The group will never be a band again. After long years of the break up, their marketing group of record producers released albums and singles never be fore heard. These songs were never performed live in front of audiences. They were only done in the studios and the only other time that they were intact as a band. Still, the records reap rewards.They also posted record sales for a band not anymore active in the music scene. The fans still loved them for what they have done in the past. They listened to them in the post Beatles, John Lennon era. Their actual fame lasted for over a decade but their legacy and memory lived on. Must have been better after they were gone. Surely, the fans missed them and really wanting them back. The members parted ways and had their individual careers. â€Å"John Lennon released seven albums between 1970 and 1980, the last one just three weeks before he was murdered, at age 40, outside his New York City apartment in December 1980.An additional album, Milk and Honey, was released (in 1984) after Lennon's death. George Harrison released a dozen solo albums (and two with the Traveling Wilburys) and prod uced films through his company, Handmade Films. Harrison died of cancer at the age of 58 in November 2001. Ringo Starr has released nearly two dozen albums and appeared in about the same number of films since the breakup of The Beatles. He continues to tour every few years with his All Starr Band. Paul McCartney has been the most prolific ex-Beatle as a solo artist, with his late wife, Linda and with his band Wings.He continues to tour and record, and is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most successful musician and contemporary songwriter in history (White 2008)†. It was fame who killed this extraordinary group. They were the best at their times. They were praised and worshipped. Fans treated them as first class humans and wanting to see them every time. They were more popular in the country they were visiting that its president. They launch the music industry to the world. Many revolutions were brought about by their success. This group stand out from the o thers.They had set the standards for live acts and airwave category. They even surpassed cinema actors in terms of wooing the female fans. What really brought them down was their ego and so much of self confidence. Much of the blame was not focused on a single member but to the whole band because all agree to what was relayed to the media and to the listeners who were their patrons. They should never get into the act like they were gods and immortal. They thought that the bright lights will always be on them for the rest of the way. It is not always like that. Things change, and all people change based on certain circumstances.Their personalities were different after getting so much adulation and getting lauded by people for almost all of the time. If the pronouncements had not happened, they will still be a band and could have lasted for more decades. This is the problem when people got carried by fame and fortune, they tend to forget who they are and likely will turn out to be a n egatively changed person. They certainly reaped the fruits of their labor but the honor will forever be in doubt. The Beatles’ will forever be remembered as the struggling Quarrymen up to the time they played their last song.After all what happened, they will always be the Beatles that the world listened to and the owner of the songs that played melodies into hearts of music lovers. Bibliographies: Webmaster. â€Å"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum Web Pages: Inductee: The Beatles. † (2007), http://www. rockhall. com/inductee/the-beatles. White, Dave. â€Å"Beatlemania. † (2008), http://classicrock. about. com/od/beatles/a/beatles_history_3. htm. Spangler, Jay. † Beatles Ultimate Experience: Beatles Interview: Returning to London from Manila 7/8/66. † (1966), http://www. geocities. com/~beatleboy1/db1966. 0708. beatles. html.